Space
Space is referred to how an artist creates depth. Space is the area around, between, or within an object in a work of art.
A video about Space
There are many different ways artists use the element of space in art.
Positive & Negative Space
Positive Space
The main subject of a work of art.
Negative Space
The area around the main subject in a work of art.
Foreground, Middle-Ground, Background
Retrieved from: www.awesomeartists.com
Perspective
Perspective is used to show depth in a work of art.
One Point Perspective
A type of linear perspective. One point perspective shows space by having every parallel line pointing towards one point on the horizon line called a vanishing point.
The Horizon Line is Where the Sky meets the Ground
Gustave Caillebotte, Le Pont L'Europe, 1881-1882
Retrieved from: https://drawpaintacademy.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-one-point-perspective/
Raphael, School of Athens, 1511
Retrieved from: https://drawpaintacademy.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-one-point-perspective/
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Vincent van Gogh, Vincent's Bedroom In Arles, 1889
Retrieved from: https://drawpaintacademy.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-one-point-perspective/
Two Point Perspective
A type of linear perspective. Two point perspective occurs when you can see two vanishing points on a horizon line. Two point perspective is often used to show the corner of a building.
Gerard Houckgeest, Choir of the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft with the Tomb of William the Silent, 1651
Retrieved from: http://www.essentialvermeer.com/technique/perspective/vermeer-and-perspective.html
Gustave Caillebotte, Paris Street; Rainy Day, 1877
Retrieved from: http://www.beginnersschool.com/2015/05/04/two-point-perspective/
Filippo Brunelleschi, Battistero di San Giovanni, 1128
Retrieved from: https://zttosha.com/perspective-theory-filippo-brunelleschi/
Atmospheric Perspective
A type of aerial perspective. Atmospheric perspective refers to how objects appear fuzzier or less detailed as they go back in space.
Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Hunters in the Snow (Winter), 1565
Retrieved from: https://artclasscurator.com/elements-of-art-examples/#Line
Claude Monet, The Thames at Westminster,1871
Retrieved from:https://blog.twoinchbrush.com/article/aerial-perspective-how-to-create-depth-in-your-paintings/
Drawing Strategies for Depicting Space
Overlapping
Overlapping is placing objects on top of another thing. When objects are overlapped in a work of art, it tells the eyes that the object on top is closer than the object behind it.
Horace Pippin, Man on a Bench, 1946
Retrieved from: https://www.wikiart.org/en/horace-pippin/man-on-a-bench-1946
Foreshortening
Foreshortening is when an artist shortens an object in a work of art in order to make it appear as if it is coming towards the viewer in the artwork.
Andrea Mantegna, Lamentation Over the Dead Christ,1501
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/art/foreshortening
Size
Larger objects in a work of art appear closer to the viewer than objects that are smaller.
Position
Objects at the bottom of a work of art appear closer to us than objects towards the top. Also, objects placed closer to the horizon line appear further away as well.
Georges Seurat, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884
Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Georges-Seurat
John Sloan, South Beach Bathers,1908
Retrieved from: https://artclasscurator.com/how-artists-depict-space-art-lesson/
Artists Using Space
Jasper Johns, Cups 4 Picasso, 1930
Retrieved from: https://onlineonly.christies.com/s/graphic-dialogue-prints-collection-lois-b-torf-online/jasper-johns-b-1930-21/127731
David Hockney, Self Portrait With Blue Guitar, 1977
Retrieved from: https://www.lofty.com/products/david-hockney-self-portrait-with-blue-guitar-1977-1-7hw64
